Hace años, bien por desconocimiento o por una menor contaminación medioambiental, no debían evitarse algunos alimentos en los más pequeños. De hecho serán muchas las abuelas que hoy en día dirán que por qué se les retira o retrasa la introducción de dicho alimento si en su época no se hacía así y no ha pasaba nada.
El caso es que, con el tiempo y gracias a la investigación, la ciencia avanza y se ha visto que determinados alimentos para una persona adulta, bien por su peso o por su envergadura, puede no resultar tóxico un alimento que sí lo es para un niño pequeño.
Aunque a partir de los seis meses son muchos los alimentos que los bebés pueden tomar, hay que tener muy en cuenta aquellos que debido a su toxicidad deben evitarse. En una entrevista con Infosalus la dietista-nutricionista Mónica Carreira, coautora de ‘Alimenta a tu familia de forma saludable’ (Plataforma Editorial), diferencia las hortalizas, las carnes, los pescados y la miel.
1.- Dentro de las hortalizas advierte del alto contenido en nitratos de las espinacas, las acelgas, las borrajas antes de los 12 meses y, en el caso de que se den , no deben superar “nunca” el 20% de la cantidad del plato. Es más, sostiene que a partir del año y hasta los 3 años, estas hortalizas no deben superar ni alcanzar la ración diaria.
Dice que tampoco deben mantenerse a temperatura ambiente una vez cocidas, ya sean enteras o en puré; y si no se consumen deberían conservarse en el frigorífico o en el congelador. “Los nitritos se transforman en nitratos en el organismo y , en altas concentraciones pueden producir metahemoglobinemia, un trastorno que afecta a la distribución de oxígeno en el organismo. Por ello, la piel de los bebés adquiere una tonalidad azul (cianosis) que indica la alteración. El riesgo de padecerlo aumenta si los niños presentan infección bacteriana gastrointestinal”, agrega.
El caso es que, con el tiempo y gracias a la investigación, la ciencia avanza y se ha visto que determinados alimentos para una persona adulta, bien por su peso o por su envergadura, puede no resultar tóxico un alimento que sí lo es para un niño pequeño.
Según señala, en las hortalizas de hoja verde la causa principal de acumulación de nitratos no son sólo los pesticidas, que se emplean más que antes, y estas verduras son más permeables y surgen más nitritos por reacciones químicas, que en niños pueden conllevar un problema de salud neuronal, sino también las temperaturas, la luz solar o el propio nitrato de la tierra.
2.- La miel, según explica, hay que evitarla en menores de doce meses por riesgo de intoxicación de botulismo.
3.-Respecto a las carnes, los niños menores de 6 años no deben comer carne de caza debido a que pueden quedar restos de plomo de munición, lo que puede causar daño neuronal.
4.-En los pescados las recomendación va más allá de las espinas, el motivo es elalto contenido en mercurio en algunos pescados, así deben evitarse el pez espada, el emperador, el atún (incluidas las conservas en lata), el salmón, la tintorera o el cazón. En niños de 3 a 12 años limitar a 50 gramos a la semana o a 100 gramos cada dos semanas. Debe evitarse el consumo de cabezas de gamba, langostinos, o cigalas entre otros, por su alto contenido en cadmio.
5.- En cuanto al fruto seco, que siempre hay controversia sobre si se pueden tomar o no antes de los 3 años, la dietista-nutricionista avisa de que no tienen por qué no comerse a partir de los 6 meses.
“Existe un consenso europeo de que se pueden dar a partir de los 6 meses, siempre que estén muy triturados, para que no haya broncoespiración. No porque puedan producirles alergias, sino porque les cuesta morderlos y si no tienen la capacidad hay que vigilarlos. No hay que excluirlos porque sean más reactivos a nivel de alergias”, señala.
6.- A recuerda la alarma que suscita en algunos especialistas los frutos rojos, alimentos que asegura que se pueden dar “sin agobio”, aunque siempre siguiendo el criterio del pediatra.
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